I just did the following experiment: I unplugged the dash cam when the recording duration is at 1:50, then quickly plugged it back in to simulate a momentary power loss. When I checked the clip, the full 1:50 was recorded. This means that on that day, if the power was cut off the moment my car got hit, my first clip would've recorded everything up to the point immediately before the impact. However, my clip ended many seconds before the impact.
Maybe I'm just extremely unlucky and my dash cam disconnected at the worst timing possible haha... Or perhaps there is a complex interplay of many different factors leading to this unfortunate loss of footage.
Yes, if all is working as expected, the last frame in the earlier file is when your dashcam lost power. So the question would probably by why your dashcam lost power before the impact. Upon reviewing the listing of other saved video files, do any other shorter than expected files stand out to you?
EDIT: I dont know much about eletronic engineering, but the dash cam LED's were flashing after I unplugged the cable for the experiment, does that mean the cam was writing the final seconds of the footage onto the SD card, using energy stored in the capacitors? If thats the case, perhaps the dash cam's capacitors malfunctioned momentarily due to the impact when my car was hit, so the few seconds before the impact weren't written. Honestly at this point I don't expect to be able to recover the footage, I just want to ensure it doesn't happen again. Perhaps I should request for a replacement unit.
You should not need a degree in electrical engineering to get a dashcam to save a recording of an unfortunate accident. It's primarily what they are for! I would think that the capacitors working properly during your test would indicate that they are not failing, though I will leave it to someone with more specific relevant experience to chime in on that one.
UPDATE: If your dashcam had faulty capacitors, you would also likely find corrupted files as power would be lost before files were properly closed. If no lost clusters found on the file system, then it stands to reason that all files were closed.
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