Installing a micro-usb cable likely involved also installing a 12v to 5v converter. It is probably a little cube (about 2" x 2" x 2") with two wires coming out: micro-usb on one side and a 12v input "pigtails" on the other side that likely connect to your fusebox in the passenger compartment.
Micro-USB is part of the USB2.0 standard and is rated for only 500miliAmps (0.5A, or 2.5w). That's not very much power at all. USB-C connections, cables, and power supplies are typically rated much higher 2A/10w up to 3A/15w). Here is good reference:
https://www.etechnophiles.com/usb-port-power-output/
Since you are looking to power what I presume is a newer USB-C powered dashcam, it is likely that the power draw is somewhere in the 5w to 7w range. Drawing this much power from a USB 2.0 era micro-USB converter is likely to burn it out. It might work for a little while, but in the long run, it's likely to die. It may or may not cause other problems as it dies: overheating, plastic melting, smoke, smell, fire...
My advice would be to replace the wire and its power supply with one that is known to be compatible with your new dashcam. Installation is not hard. Youtube and people here will probably be able to guide you.