I use Debian and the sdcard tool linked above works well. The sdcard tools will, as I recall, format the card to the appropriate filesystem for the size of the SDXC card. It formats my 256 GB card to exFat as a default.
Download the tool, extract it, and copy to a desired folder.
Go into Terminal and go sudo or su. Command would be similar to:
sudo /home/user/apps/format_sd /dev/sdd
Of course you will need to use the correct path to the tool and the dev where the SDXC resides. Reading the user manual is a good idea.
My experience is that it is best to simply format the card in the camera. Too much weirdness goes on when moving from a Win PC read/write and then to the dash cam.