The signal from the sats is never poor (but it is jolly weak). Its the receiver's location, the receiver's sensitivity or something between the receiver and the sats that's not obvious like an athermic windscreen as noted by jokiin above, that causes it to be poor.
Rain can affect reception, but it needs to be seriously heavy before it does. Overhanging trees, especially wen wet. Limited view of the sky because of surrounding buildings (urban canyon) etc, etc.
The GPS will take varying times to lock onto the sats, and if you drive off before it has locked on, then it takes considerably longer (can be miles) to get a really solid robust (multiple sats) lock (as observed by the OP) and may become unlocked again if any of the above apply before it has picked up enough sats to make it more robust.