I think it is a lot simpler than that!
As I understand it, the actual file system is FAT32, or I assume they can use exFAT for larger cards.
The difference to normal dashcams is that they create all the files once, when formatting the disk or after changing the setup, and then never delete or create any more, just overwrite the existing files on looping, thus the FAT tables never get changed, and thus can't get corrupted.
The video files will get corrupted at their ends, but that can be easily fixed when the dashcam restarts, or when the files are played, as happens in Viofo dashcams (they also use Novatek processors).
Using .ts format would mean the files can be played without being fixed. Don't know if they do that or not, although the files are not .ts files, so probably not.
Compared to a super capacitor dashcam, they are going to lose around a second of video, the second just before impact. If they lose too much then they may loose the critical bit! Somebody needs to test how much is lost when they are available for review, I assume it is not too much, but we will find out...