I am not intend to joint your discuss because my english is suck and I have to translate almost everyword but I think I have to have a fair words.
I remember you write you are photographer. So, You tell me: with a very expensive DSRL camera (maybe a thousands dollar), Can we take a large FOV photo which every spot will be perfect in light balance, especially in high contract, dynamic range environment ? which light balance will you use ? spot ? average ? central ? And Taking a picture still a easy, but in here, we have to capture a video of alot of moving objects.
No camera can handle a extremly environment light that. So we have to choose: Sky is importan or street and car is more importan. That's why SG maybe has overexpode in sunny day but in night time, it's wonderfull. Everything has its cost and we cant have it all.
High end DSLR cameras have much more sophisticated (and expensive) DSPs as well as different, more capable, much larger sensors. The exposure methods they employ are vastly more complex than anything we will ever see in modestly priced dashboard cameras. For example, Nikon DSLR cameras have what is widely considered to be the best and most advanced system available which they call
Matrix Metering (also referred to as 3D RGB Color Matrix Metering). This metering system gathers information from 1005 red, green, and blue sensors and factors in distance information provided by the lens as well, as it evaluates proper exposure calculation. The meter instantly analyzes a scene’s overall brightness, contrast, hue and other lighting characteristics, comparing what is sees against an onboard database of over 30,000 images for remarkable exposure accuracy, even in the most challenging photographic situations. It doesn't really store 30,000 actual images to compare but it's
AE tables are based on data from this huge array of possible variables. The system is so sophisticated that it will adjust its data sampling to different parts of the frame according to the subject rather than sampling from the same points across the frame each time.
Canon DSLRs use a different but similar scheme which they call
Evaluative Metering. Evaluative Metering is linked to and concentrated on the area around the active AF point, wherever that point may be within the frame. Light values measured at the active AF point are compared with light values measured from the metering segments across the remaining areas of the scene, and the camera's metering system attempts to provide an accurate exposure based on that comparison. This metering pattern is often more effective when photographing people or individual subjects, but might not be quite as effective when photographing say, a snowy landscape depending on other elements in the scene. Because Evaluative Metering is linked to active AF points, focusing on a different subject may result in a very different exposure — even within the same scene. This exposure scheme is one of the reasons you will often see pro photographers at major sporting events using Canons over Nikons.
Of course, all DSLR cameras will also offer spot metering and center weighted metering which photographers use on an as needed basis.
Matrix metering was originally referred to as
Automatic Multi-Pattern metering when it was first introduced in 1983/84 and it has become vastly more sophisticated and complex as micro-processor, sensor technology and lens technology has advanced. This development was a breakthrough, game changing technological advance for photography as it offer the possibility to
measure exposure rather than simply
measure light intensity which is what traditional light meters do. For example, a standard light meter will attempt to render bright white snow as neutral gray whereas an exposure metering system will attempt to render snow as white while at the same time still rending fine highlight detail.
For anyone who is interested in exploring more about how this concept functions
click HERE to view the original
Nikon AMP Factory Sales Technical Literature which will explain the basic functions of how the systems works (circa 2000) with many real world photographic examples and comparisons. Of course, today's Matrix Metering and electronically controlled lenses are far superior and more complex but the basic concepts are essentially the same.
Anyway, the bottom line is that no exposure metering technology we will ever likely see in dashboard cameras will ever be able to match the performance of today's high end DSLRs and video cameras.
Also, to address your question about whether an expensive DSLR can always
"capture photo which every spot will be perfect in light balance, especially in high contract, dynamic range environment?", the answer no. No camera on earth can
always make perfect exposures in every situation. On the other hand today's DSLRs will do a much better job than a dash cam and have a much, much greater chance of capturing a well balanced exposure in a high contrast, wide dynamic range environment because of their sophisticated metering capabilities combined with sensors that inherently offer FAR greater dynamic range than the small, relatively inexpensive sensors we see in dash cams.